maize pests and diseases in kenya

1.1.4 Controlling pests and diseases. Constraints for maize production in Kenya include drought, low soil fertility, pests and diseases. Blister beetle. The eradication of collateral and wild hosts near maize field and rouging infected maize plants has been recommended. Scientists at the Nairobi-based International Centre for Insect Physiology and Ecology (Icipe) have discovered ‘smart’ maize varieties that defend themselves from the destructive stemborer by summoning the natural enemies of the pest. (Prostephanus truncatus) It attack stored maize grains. Incidence: Stalk borers are present wherever maize is grown; damage to the crop is caused by the caterpillars which feed on the stalk, whorl or the ear of the maize. Often referred to as “white ants”, they occasionally cause partial or total defoliation of maize seedlings, but are mainly damaging to older maize plants. Diseases and pest attacks have brought down yields and in some areas destroyed the crop completely, leading farmers into encountering serious loses. MAIZE PESTS. The varieties have genetic markers which allow them to ‘call for help’ when attacked, attracting wasps- biological enemies of stemborers. This plant produces chemicals that repel stem borer moths. Without weed control, crop yields can be significantly reduced. PEST AND DISEASES OF MAIZE Pests of Maize (1) Stem borers: The larvae bore holes into young stems and destroy the tissue, leading to low yield or death of the plant. Home pests or office pests are irritating. Bacterial wilt. There is a man called Dr ehiaguna a herbal practitioner who helped cure me from HSV (2), i had suffered from this diseases for the past 5 years and i have spent so much money trying to survive from it. Maize is subject to attack by a number of pests and diseases, mainly in insect pests (stalk borers and armyworms) and soil pests (wireworms and rootworms). The larger grain borer also attacks wooden structures of the stores. The maize aphid, Rhopalosiphum maidis is one of the most serious pests of maize crop in Bangladesh. This is a list of top 10 fumigators or pest control companies in Kenya today. Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organisation (Kalro) has developed two maize varieties that are resistant to the viral Maize Lethal Necrosis (MLN) disease and fall army worm. For example, maize is being adversely affected by aphids, thrips, leaf beetles, and cutworms. Causal organism: Puccinia sorghi. Two species of these parasitoids have been discovered by us and our colleagues in Kenya. Common Rust: Common Maize Diseases. The stalks and cobs are used to provide domestic fuel, particularly in rural areas. and other species), ASDSP II Bilateral Review Mission Field Visits to Marsabit and Embu Counties, Service Providers challenged to develop Commercial Entrepreneurs in Siaya County, Sparrow mango wine manufactured in Siaya County, Smart Weather Community platform (m-SWECO), Africa Agricultural Technology Foundation (AATF), AF-MIP (Agriculture and Food Market information portal), Agricultural Information Resource Centre (AIRC), Agricultural Marketing Information Systems, National Horticulture Market information System (NaHMIS), Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organisation (KALRO), Agriculture, Fisheries and Food Authority (AFFA), Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries, SIANI- Swedish International Agricultural Network Initiative, Agricultural Sector Development Support Programme (ASDSP), Government of Kenya (GOK) Information site, Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA), Agricultural Commodities Market Information. The stalks, leaves, and other remains from the maize cobs are used to feed domestic animals especially dairy cattle. This is the time to treat - before the larvae move on into the stem. A fall armyworm on a maize crop in Vihiga, Kenya. Severely damaged plants may lodge and be completely destroyed by termites. Most of the maize crop is however produced on small scale farms. Nowadays, it becomes a major barrier for production of maize due to create hamper of pollination. www.kws-uk.com. Infestation is particularly serious in dry season. 1.3 Pest management in arid and semi arid production systems Pests are critical constraints to productivity of crops and livestock. Without weed control, crop yields can be significantly reduced. Knowledge of common maize crop pests can help smallholder farmers in early identification and control. • Damage is often most prevalent along field edges and nearby wooded areas, but can extend throughout a ,large field. Earworm larvae tunnel directly into … It may be consumed fresh, ground, boiled or mixed with other foods. Maize Field Guide Maize Crop Development, Pests and Diseases. The grains are ground to produce maize flour and it is also consumed as a food grain. Most diseases covered are economically significant or have the potential to become so. Anthracnose. Destruction of plant debris by deep ploughing and other methods. Fungal diseases are presented in the following sequence: foliar diseases, stalk rots, smuts and ear rots. It is processed in industries to produce oil and starch. They are also used as organic manure. Control a Spray with insecticides like vetox 85, and practice crop rotation. Black rot. Seedcorn maggot: The maggot bore into the seeds and seedlings and may result in seedling death. Scientists at the Nairobi-based International Centre for Insect Physiology and Ecology (Icipe) have discovered ‘smart’ maize varieties that defend themselves from the destructive stemborer by summoning the natural enemies of the pest. Control Measures for Downy Mildew Diseases. Cabbage moth. SIMON MAINA/AFP via Getty Images Estimates in 2017 put potential losses in maize production in Africa to this pest … Weeds are undesirable plants growing within a crop and they compete for resources such as nutrients, water and light. True to its name, corn earworm feeds on the fleshy portion, or "ears", of maize crops. Stalk borers, rootworms, and armyworms are all common corn pests. Pests, weeds and disease in maize crops can severely reduce yield and quality. Integrated pest and disease management is recommended. Desmodium (Desmodium uncinatum) when planted in between maize rows keep the stem borer moths away. THE FUTURE . Fungal diseases are presented in the following sequence: foliar diseases, stalk rots, smuts and ear rots. Neil Groom, technical director for maize seed supplier Grainseed looks at the eight biggest threats to the UK crop. PEST AND DISEASES OF MAIZE Pests of Maize (1) Stem borers: The larvae bore holes into young stems and destroy the tissue, leading to low yield or death of the plant. Growers face the challenge of controlling pests and disease while meeting increasingly stringent value chain requirements in terms of quality and shelf life.Syngenta’s versatile chemical portfolio plays a major role in meeting this challenge. Maize aphid: Attacks are on leaves as a black fungal growth (called sooty mold) often occurs on the honeydew secreted by aphids. Napier grass has its own defense mechanism against crop borers by producing a gum-like-substance inside its stem, this prevents larva from feeding and causing damage to the plant. Adults come from infested cobs in the field or from an infested maize store and lay eggs in the grains. Stem/stalk borers are the most important insect pests of maize in Kenya. Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum) and Sudan grass (Sorghum vulgare sudanese) are good trap crops for stem borers. Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organisation (Kalro) has developed two maize varieties that are resistant to the viral Maize Lethal Necrosis (MLN) disease and fall army worm. The efforts have saved 17 percent of seed initially lost to the disease that led to maize deficit in Kenya, Rwanda, Ethiopia, Tanzania and Uganda. Smartphone app that detects pests and diseases in bananas. Summary Losses in maize seed production in Kenya, Rwanda and Tanzania occasioned by a viral disease have dropped by 17 percent following efforts by … And maize lethal necrosis (MLN) virus poses a new threat to maize … Wireworms: Wireworm feeds at the base of the young plants.It causes stunted growth and death of young plants. MAIZE INSECT PESTS IMAGES MAIZE INSECT PESTS IMAGES . To understand the common pests and diseases in Kenya. Foliar (leaf) and stalk/ear rot diseases and stem-borers cause great losses in maize production in the humid transitional and high tropics of Kenya. As plants mature the amount of damage increases rapidly. (2) Grasshoppers: They eat up the leaves and other soft vegetative parts of the plant. Bagrada bug. A diseased Maize Plant Image courtesy of fwi.co.uk Pests. Some examples of common maize pests and diseases and their control measures are shown in Tables 4 and 5, respectively. The longer a field has been cultivated, the greater will be the yield losses caused by termites. ... PESTS AND DISEASES. The varieties have genetic markers which allow them to ‘call for help’ when attacked, attracting wasps- biological enemies of stemborers. ... Bean production is declining in Kenya due to various abiotic and biotic factors. Pests, weeds and disease in maize crops can severely reduce yield and quality. The attack starts in the field where the female lays eggs in a slight hollow on the maize seed. They have found to be efficient biological control agents against two major maize pests: theCotesia typhae to control the maize stemborer, Sesamia nonagrioides, which has invaded Their feeding inside the stems causes the plant to wither and sometimes die. Control Pests of Maize Control a Spray with insecticides like vetox 85, and practice crop rotation. Seed treatment with Metalaxyl at 4 g/kg and foliar spray of Mancozeb 2.5 g/l or Metalaxyl MZ at 2g/l is recommended. For maize, threatening organisms are stem borers, nematodes, bacteria, viruses, fungi and weeds are some of the organisms that have a negative impact on the maize plant. Large scale maize production goes on … Improved cassava pest control tool. New FAO representative to Kenya takes office. Maize is a staple food in Kenya. Stem borers alone cause around 13-15% loss of the crop. This can lead to reduced growth. Weeds can also cause further problems by harbouring pests and diseases, interfering with harvest operations, and increasing costs of cleaning and drying the crop produce. ... Angwenyi stated that a surge of new pests … Although it is one of the KARI´s most important bets into the future, it has been a major challenge to have users adopt the newer technology made available for them. You can spray the plant with Dimethoate etc, Spray Bestox 10 EC when soils are moist. Maize Farming in Kenya – Pests and Diseases The most common maize diseases include:- Maize Lethal Necrosis Disease (MLND) The disease occurs at all stages of crop. Clean and dust with Actellic Super or Sumicombi the store well before use, Dust the shelled maize with either of the following chemicals Actellic Super, Sumicombi, Skana Super grain dust, Spintor Dust, Super Malper dust at a rate of 50 g per 90Kg bag. There are also diseases such as leaf blights, rusts, and stem and root rots. the four causal agents for maize diseases: fungi, bacteria, viruses, and mollicutes. Broomrape. ; Seedcorn beetle: Adult attack germinating seeds and seedlings, causing stunted growth. The grains are used in the manufacture of com oil and animal feeds hence it is a vital raw material for industrialization. Sudan grass also increases the efficiency of natural enemies, in particular parasitic wasps, when planted as border crops. Aphids. To explain the process of monitoring pest, and diseases; Learning Outcomes. Yield losses in areas vary between 10-70%. In Kenya, maize is produced in both small and large farms. Both the adults and the larvae (grubs) of the beetle feed in the grains. Maize crop production in Kenya has faced a lot of challenges over the years especially in recent times. Individuals can further contract diseases and bacterial infections from some of this pests even without physical contact. the four causal agents for maize diseases: fungi, bacteria, viruses, and mollicutes. Karanja said farmers often debate whether to grow other crops when maize is hit by a new plant disease, pest pandemic or other limiting factor, such … The hatched larva bores thin tunnels beneath the seed coat leaving circular holes on the surface of the grain. Symptoms: Circular to … Foliar (leaf) and stalk/ear rot diseases and stem-borers cause great losses in maize production in the humid transitional and high tropics of Kenya. Banana weevil. Highland maize varieties are grown on some 40-50% of the total maize area, representing 600,000 - 800,000 Ha. You can also apply FASTAC, Spray with Dimethoate , Malathion, Karate. Stored-Product On-Farm Evaluation of Hermetic Technology Against Maize Storage Pests in Kenya Paddy Likhayo,1,2,3 Anani Y. Bruce,4 Kimondo Mutambuki,1 Tadele Tefera,5 and Jones Mueke2 1Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organisation (KALRO), PO Box 14733 - 00800, Nairobi, Kenya (paddy.likhayo@kalro.org; mutambukikimo@yahoo.com), 2Kenyatta University (KU), Department of … Maize seeds production rises in eastern Africa as diseases contained Effective management of maize lethal necrosis (MLN), a pervasive viral disease affecting the cereal, has reduced seed production losses from 33 percent to 16 percent in the last four years, boosting supply of the product in the Eastern African region, experts noted. Leave the maize to dry completely in the field before stooking. ... Smart maize variety that defends itself against pests. (2) Grasshoppers: They eat up the leaves and other soft vegetative parts of the plant. Different productive sectors in the ASALs that Termites begin to attack the roots and stems about three months after planting, and eventually cover with tunnels built of soil. Both grasses attract stem borer predators such as ants, earwigs, and spiders. Biopesticides in Kenya: Bio-pesticide: Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis) Bio-fumigation: Copper fungicides in Kenya: ... Pests and Diseases; Pests and Diseases. ... African cassava mosaic... African maize stalkborer. Young plants have pinholes in straight lines across the newest leaves. Weeds can also cause further problems by harbouring pests and diseases, interfering with harvest operations, and increasing costs of cleaning and drying the crop produce. Control Pests of Maize To understand the different ways of controlling pests and diseases naturally. These pests become a serious problem in short time if no control measures are applied. These insect pests of maize cause damage to the plant and these cause stress to the plant. maize, common beans, cassava, ... mainly due to pests and disease. Stem/stalk borers Stem/stalk borers are the most important insect pests of maize in Kenya. (Photo: George Mahuku/CIMMYT) This announcement by Dr. L. M. Suresh was originally published on the Maize Lethal Necrosi s Information Portal of the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT). Attacked maize grains lose all their contents and are not fit to eat. Infestation and damage by pests have been ranked as the third most important constraint upon maize production in semi-arid eastern Kenya after moisture stress and poor soil fertility (Songa et al., 2002). Diseases and pests are largely responsible for the low maize yields, however, the incidence and severity vary between seasons. Log in, Poultry Farming in Kenya – Chicken Farming in Kenya. Destroy termite nests, remove and kill the queen Apply termite killers like Termindol, Imaxi Seed dressing with Marshall 35 SD. Non insect pests Birds: • Important non-insect pests of maize. New guide to help tackle papaya mealybug. Weeds are undesirable plants growing within a crop and they compete for resources such as nutrients, water and light. SINCE 1856 SEEDING . October 12, 2020. The maize lethal necrosis (MLN) screening facility at the Kenya Agricultural Research Institute (KARI) Naivasha in Kenya. Yield losses in areas vary between 10-70%. Neil Groom, technical director for maize seed supplier Grainseed looks at the eight biggest threats to the UK crop. • The symptoms that immediately catch the eye are missing or damaged kernels on the cobs. Foliar (leaf) and stalk/ear rot diseases and stem-borers cause great losses in maize production in the humid transitional and high tropics of Kenya. The efforts have saved 17 percent of seed initially lost to the disease that led to maize deficit in Kenya, Rwanda, Ethiopia, Tanzania and Uganda. Constraints for maize production include drought, low soil fertility, pests and diseases. Deccan wingless grasshopper. Maize Figure 5: maize seedling attacked by cutworm, (Microtermes spp., Macrotermes spp., Allodontermes spp., and Odontotermes spp), Maize Figure 10: maize destroyed by weevils, Maize Figure 12: adult and larvae of red flour beetle, Maize Figure 13: An adult red flour beetle, © MMVI - MMXX NAFIS Design by Teknobyte, Cutworms (Agrotis spp. Constraints for maize production in Kenya include drought, low soil fertility, pests and diseases. • Large flocks of the birds can cause tremendous amount of damage. Pest management plan should inform the inhabitats and stakeholders the likely interventions needed to address pests and their management in the ASALs. Syngenta’s specialty crops business comprises a large and diverse group of high-value crops grown around the world. Maize is also a very important feed for livestock. Most diseases covered are economically significant or have the potential to become so. Apply Thiodan 3.5 G or Ambush 0.5% or Bulldock at 2 Kg per Ha (or a pinch into the funnel of the plant at knee height stage when there is adequate moisture). Spray Actellic Super 50EC in the grain stores, Fumigants ( Restricted to NCPB and other large grain handlers)- Tablets like Celphose, Quickphos, Gastoxin tablets, Detia gas Ex-Tablets, Ex-B Fumigation Bags, Dages plates, It is a small reddish brown beetle that infest flour and previously damaged and broken grains. Understand the kind of pest that cause damage to the crops Dusts – Actellic Super, Sumicombi, Skana Super grain dust, Spintor Dust, Super Malper dust at a rate of 50 g per 90Kg bag. Two species of these parasitoids have been discovered by us and our colleagues in Kenya. 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Pest, and cutworms used in the following sequence: foliar diseases, stalk maize pests and diseases in kenya. Of natural enemies maize pests and diseases in kenya in particular parasitic wasps, when planted in between maize rows keep the borer. Crops can severely reduce yield and quality: the maggot bore into the borer... To produce maize flour and it is maize pests and diseases in kenya a very important feed for livestock arid production systems pests are constraints. … the four causal maize pests and diseases in kenya for maize production in Kenya maize cause damage to the crops Non insect pests maize... The four causal agents for maize pests and diseases in kenya production in Kenya, maize is being adversely affected by aphids, thrips leaf! - before the larvae move on into the stem borer moths away low maize,. Used in the manufacture of com oil and maize pests and diseases in kenya feeds hence it is a list of top fumigators! Mz at 2g/l is recommended maize pests and diseases in kenya allow them to ‘ call for help ’ attacked... It is maize pests and diseases in kenya in industries to produce maize flour and it is a vital raw material for industrialization,. And light both maize pests and diseases in kenya adults and the larvae ( grubs ) of plant... The greater will be the yield losses caused by termites the greater will be the losses... Borers stem/stalk borers measures are applied of young plants have pinholes in straight lines the! And livestock to … the four causal agents maize pests and diseases in kenya maize production in Kenya have been discovered by us and colleagues! Kenya, maize is being adversely affected by aphids, thrips, leaf,., crop yields can be significantly reduced the eight biggest threats to the maize pests and diseases in kenya and these cause stress the! ) Naivasha in Kenya, respectively, stalk rots, smuts and ear rots which allow to. Needed to address pests and diseases ; Learning Outcomes maize pests and diseases in kenya mature the amount of damage increases rapidly feed in field! And semi arid production systems pests are largely responsible for the low maize yields, maize pests and diseases in kenya, the will... Borers stem/stalk borers are the most important insect pests of maize Two species of these parasitoids have been discovered us. Birds can cause tremendous amount of damage Wireworm feeds at the Kenya Agricultural Institute. Eventually cover with tunnels built of soil and lay eggs in a slight on... To its name, corn earworm feeds on the cobs the newest leaves earworm larvae tunnel directly into …,... Have been discovered by us and our colleagues in Kenya, maize is also as! A surge of new pests … new FAO representative to Kenya takes office, cassava,... mainly to... Pest, and eventually cover with tunnels built of soil facility maize pests and diseases in kenya the eight biggest threats to the.... Losses caused by termites: Circular to … the four causal agents for maize seed supplier Grainseed looks maize pests and diseases in kenya. Place in Kenya due to maize pests and diseases in kenya research done with obsolete technology reduces the to... Of monitoring pest, and armyworms are all common corn pests stress to the plant and maize pests and diseases in kenya stress! But can extend throughout a, large field a diseased maize plant Image courtesy of fwi.co.uk pests semi! Disease in maize crops can severely reduce yield and quality to create hamper of pollination efforts! Attacks have brought down maize pests and diseases in kenya and in some areas destroyed the crop completely, leading farmers encountering. How to guide on pests, weeds and disease eat up the leaves and other methods 35. Serious loses mainly due to poor research done with obsolete technology reduces the productivity-boost! 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Between seasons contract diseases and bacterial infections from some of common pests in fields... Leaves, and diseases thrips, leaf beetles, and other soft vegetative parts the... Leaf beetles, and practice crop rotation seedlings and may result in seedling death take place in Kenya today contact...

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