Sulfate attack is a common form of concrete deterioration. Another serious problem is sulphate attack on ground floor concrete slabs. Following on from our recent blog on investigating sulphate attack in solid concrete floor slabs; what we didn’t mention in that blog was that we got the lab results back, which proved what we suspected, that there were incredibly high levels of sulphates in the hardcore material and the failed concrete floor slab. Areas of heavy mining, created colliery shale, which often contains sulphate, which can lead to the problematic “sulphate attack”. More particularly in industrial areas such as those around Birmingham and associated areas. Clipping is a handy way to collect important slides you want to go back to later. Sulphates present in contaminated hardcore, together with a source of moisture it reacts with the cement in the concrete causing it to expand and crack. Cement is composed of mainly two minerals tri-calcium silicates (C3S) and di-calcium silicates (C2S). Sulphates present in contaminated hardcore, together with a source of moisture it reacts with the cement in the concrete causing it to expand and crack. Where ground water is highly mobile, or where concrete is at risk from chemical attack, the level of sulfate and other chemicals should be determined according to the ACEC class (aggressive chemical environment for concrete class) and BRE Special Digest 1. Power Floated Concrete. Sulphate attack is a major difficulty which has a local effect on the constructional materials, specially the concrete. Sulphate Attacks; Concrete Contractors; Concrete Experts. 3 Sulphate Attack Damage to floor slabs indicative of sulphate attack1 is a commonly encountered problem in houses of this age, style of construction and often found on estates developed in the 1950‟s and early 60‟s. The process involves taking a sample of hardcore from the property and having the sample analysed by a reputable laboratory. 3 posts • Page 1 of 1. by kevpeak » Mon Jul 09, 2007 10:07 am . Use of fill material in house construction first became common in mid-1940s. The process is to take out and replace the slab but this would be overkill I think. The primary causes of chemical attack on concrete include chloride ion penetration, sulphate attack and carbonation, but technical advances in cementitious coating technology have allowed extended service life solutions to be implemented. Upon hydration, the main reaction products are a calcium silicate gels (C-S-H) and calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2 or CH in cement chemistry. The most widespread reported failures to concrete floor slabs involve the use of partially burnt colliery shale (Red Shale). Sulphate Attack Prevention Sulphate attack is the decline of concrete over a period of time, as a result of a chemical reaction between sulphate ions and the components of hardened concrete. Sulphate attack on concrete is a chemical breakdown mechanism where sulphate ions attack components of the cement paste. This attack was discovered 9 months ago by the surveyor of a previous buyer who subsequently dropped out due to insufficient funds to rectify the problem. It can occur when the hardcore beneath the concrete contains sulphates – typically from mining and industrial by-products, quite commonly used between 1945 and 1970 – and these reach the concrete above, typically in the presence of moisture and where there is no damp-proof membrane. The problem occurs when the fill material (hardcore) beneath the slab contains sulphates and these migrate into the concrete. Spotlight Project – Sulphate Attack. I) Conventional or Ettringite Form of Sulphate Attack. Sulfate attack in concrete exposed to externally derived sulfates generally causes concrete deterioration due to the expansive growth of ettringite or thaumasite within a concrete surface, often leading to the formation of surface-parallel cracks infilled with sulfate reaction products. Sulfates can be found in some soils (especially when arid conditions exist), in seawater, and in wastewater treatment plants. Use of Sulphate Resisting Cement. Concrete Floor with Suspected Sulphate Attack. Credulous999. Sulfates, chemicals and high acidity can cause expansion, cracking and damage to concrete. Mapei Mapegrout T60 is a single component, sulphate-resistant, fibre-reinforced, shrinkage compensated, thixotropic mortar for the repair of concrete and reinforced structures. Sulphate attack in concrete or mortar based on Portland cement is generally attributed to the formation of expansive ettringite (AFt-phase) and gypsum. Does anyone know how much it would cost to A) dig it all out B) install new hardcore, Visqueen, Kingspan insulation and new concrete slab (100mm) and a … Now customize the name of a clipboard to store your clips. This is where it became common to use what is termed “red ash”. Provides a clean heavy duty Industrial wearing surface. It occurs when concrete comes in contact with water containing sulfates (SO 4 ). Next. (Basically it was going to happen regardless of any membrane being there). If sulphate attack is in your concrete floor slab a membrane may not be of great relevance. Concrete deterioration exists on a global scale and can severely affect the durability of reinforced concrete structures. Quality Concrete. We pride ourselves in offering fast, efficient and reliable service. Apperently it's a common problem in the area The agents have had a quote for £9k to replace the floors. Sulphate attack on ground floor slabs is a very serious problem which can cause structural damage to the main walls of a building. I have just been to view a house that is cash only buyers due to it being diagnosed with sulphur attack in the concrete slab floors. Sulphate Attack >> Sulphate attack is a chemical reaction, affecting the concrete in the floor construction of properties. Microscopic view of Sulphate stals in concrete Sulphate attack is a chemical reaction, affecting the concrete in the floor construction of properties. External: due to penetration of sulfates in solution, in groundwater for example, into the concrete from outside. A full removal provides complete assurance of future stability and caters for any uncertainty as to the sulfate attack mechanism that may remain after site investigation. It has been found that a C 3 A content of 7% gives a rough division between cement of good and poor performance in sulphate waters. In damp or wet conditions, the underside of the concrete floor is vulnerable to sulphate attack, with needle-shaped ettringite crystals growing and causing high internal stresses. In the case of flooring it became common to use fill materials below a concrete floor. The sulphate in the hardcore infill when combined with moisture (water) can cause the sulphate to migrate into the concrete floor slab causing cracking and possible upward movement of the floor slab and, in extreme cases, cracking and lateral movement of the brickwork below Damp Course level. What is Sulfate Attack ? Sulfate attack in concrete and mortar. The sulphates react with the concrete causing it to expand. This causes the cracks and damage that is commonly seen across Northern Ireland property. Blythe Building Consultants have specialised in Sulphate Floor Testing for over 25 years and have carried out over 16,000 tests. The most efficient method of resisting the sulphate attack is to use cement with the low C 3 A content. A sulphate attack occurs when hardcore that contains sulphates was used for a the base of concrete floor slabs in a building. Design Sulfate Class (DS Class) - It is a site classification based on the determined sulfate (including Potential sulfate) contents of the ground and/or groundwater. In the immediate post-war period, when construction materials were in short supply, solid floors, comprising a concrete floor slab over fill material, largely superseded suspended timber floors that were typically used in the 1930s. Excavate all the sulfate-bearing fill material. A sulphate attack occurs when the infill material beneath the slab contains sulphates and these are taken up into solution by ground moisture, which then migrates into the concrete which forms the floor slab. I deal with sulphate attack in properties from the 50's, 60, and early 70's and the time in which the problem shows itself can vary a great deal. Sulphate attack occurs when the contents of the hardcore fill material that has been used beneath the floor slab contains Sulphate and there is enough moisture in the fill to cause them to attack the concrete floor slab causing heave. The house that we have just bought has got sulphate attack so all the ground floor has expanded, cracked and pushed my walls out. I'd be surprised if it was a concrete floor with no DPM that was then suffering sulphate attack. Over 35 years of concrete flooring and finishing experience. It all depends on seasonal ground moisture levels, so even from a 50's property, it may be OK one year, but the floor … Visually there is no structural damage and the floors don't appear to have cracks or movement. Moisture can carry the sulphates through the concrete slab, causing them to evaporate at the surface, leaving behind salts. These sulphates react with the Tricalcium Aluminate in ordinary portland cement (OPC) to form Ettringite, a crystal that expands as it grows, in the process often causing substantial damage to the concrete floor slab. Our recommended procedure is: Remove the concrete floor slab. Sulphur attack concrete floor. Previous. The sulphate ions intrude into the concrete and react with portlandite Ca(OH) 2 to generate gypsum. Hardcore containing sulphates is now prohibited from use beneath ground floor slabs. If the floor slab becomes damp then a sulphate attack can occur. Sulfate attack can be 'external' or 'internal'. The downstairs of the house … It is also dependent on the type of site, presence or absence of magnesium ions, pyrite and for pH less than 5.5 chloride and nitrate ions. The methods given below can be adopted to protect concrete from sulphate attack. Sulphate attack is caused when sulphates contained within the concrete aggregate contain sulphates or the hardcore sub-base below the concrete contains sulphates. Discussion in 'Building' started by Credulous999, 23 Nov 2009. Internal: due to a soluble source being incorporated into the concrete at the time of mixing, gypsum in the aggregate, for example. Sulphates react with concrete which causes it to expand. Joined: 23 Nov 2009 Messages: 15 Thanks Received: 0 Location: Cheshire Country: Hi, My fiancee and I have just bought our first house, and were aware from the point of survey that it had problems with the floor slab downstairs. I have been told that i need to dig out the concrete and the demolition rubble it sits on my approx 450mm. With the presence of sufficient sulphate, the metastable monosulphoaluminate transforms into ettringite. But it may be argued if sulphate attack inherent in the slab when laid the membrane is a red herring. A sulphate resistant, fibre reinforced shrinkage compensated thixotropic mortar for the repair of concrete – class R4. Download project PDF. I have a problem with the lounge area of my bungalow built 1960 in that there is a bulge in the floor and cracks on the exterior walls have occurred causing damage to brickwork. Sulphate attack on concrete floor. Brushed Concrete Specialists . You just clipped your first slide! Providing top quality concrete flooring inside or out. Welcome. I had an offer accepted yesterday on my first house which also has a known sulphate attack to the ground concrete floors, the price was dropped to more than cover the costs of the repair work. Sulfate attack in cement, mortar and concrete. The slab needs moisture to activate the attack IIRR so this could wick up from below. A well designed, placed … Available from Promain.co.uk . 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