Epidemiology is the study (or the science of the study) of the patterns, causes, and effects of health and disease conditions in defined populations. Share information on ongoing research projects and studies on the role of live-stock and wildlife in the epidemiology of Ebola virus disease. Drug Abuse and Addiction Lectures. As of June 21, 2015, a total of 27,443 cases, including 11,207 deaths, had been reported, of which 13,059 cases and 3,928 deaths were in … Epidemiology and Risk Factors for Ebola Virus Disease in Sierra Leone-23 May 2014 to 31 January 2015. Ebola virus disease (EVD) is a complex zoonosis that is highly virulent in humans. PPT-089-01. Filovirus: enveloped, non-segmented, negative-stranded RNA virus. Little, however, is known about stakeholder and community members’ perspectives toward this response in Guinea. It is a member of the family Filoviridae, taken from the Latin "filum," meaning thread-like, based upon their filamentous structure. Ebola virus is a member of the Filoviridae family. The high number of survivors (more than 17000) from the 2013-2016 West African outbreak of Ebola virus disease has raised several new issues: long-term clinical complications, psychosocial consequences, risk of Ebola virus disease reactivation, and secondary transmission due to viral persistence in body fluids. A maculopapular rash is sometimes observed. Ebola 1/12/2015 1 Epidemiology Program Protocol for Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) Connecticut continues to operate under a Public Health Emergency due to the Ebola outbreak in West Africa. Vomiting and diarrhea frequently develop during the first few days of illness and may lead to significant volume losses. Initially, the unit functioned with a WHO consultant and a national counterpart, who, after further training in epidemiology, was appointed in 1961, as the Epidemiologist of the Department of Health Services. The institute also provides epidemiological and medical analyses and evaluation of highly contagious, life-threatening diseases which are of great significance for the public (e.g. Assessment of the Risk of Ebola Virus Transmission from Bodily Fluids and FomitesThe J of Infect Dis 2007; 196:S142–7 High Risk Exposures • Percutaneous – needle stick or mucous membrane exposure to body fluids There are several steps to take to prevent Ebola virus disease when living in or traveling to an area with Ebola virus disease: Wash hands often with soap and water or an alcohol-based hand sanitizer. Avoid contact with other people’s blood or body fluids. Ebola virus disease emerged in West Africa in March of 2014. The agent is the cause of disease; The host is an organism, usually a human or an animal, that harbors the disease. Ebola virus replication is thought to occur in the host cell's cytoplasm.Upon entering the cell, the virus … The Xpert Ebola and US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention real-time RT-qPCR diagnostic assays detected Ituri and Makona Ebola virus sequences with similar sensitivities and efficiencies, despite primer site binding mismatches in the Ituri Ebola virus. Early supportive care with rehydration, symptomatic treatment improves survival. objectIves of the meetIng 1. Prototype Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Pathogen. Smaller than bacteria, a virus is able to cause diseases ranging from the common cold to AIDS. Liberia was declared Ebola free on 9 May 2015. A history of primary exposure usually involves travel to or work in an Ebola-endemic area, such as the Democratic Republic of the Congo … R0 is the number of cases, on average, an infected person will cause during their infectious period. Explain the epidemiology of the 2014 Ebola epidemic and … Ebola haemorrhagic fever (EHF) is a febrile haemorrhagic illness of which there are four distinct subtypes: Zaire, Sudan, Cote d'Ivoire and Reston. Most outbreaks have occurred in sub-Saharan countries, notably in the central Africa region. Ebola disease •Ebola disease is a severe, often fatal illness in humans. Explore the etiology of Ebola and other viral hematic fevers. Both are rare diseases, but can cause outbreaks with high case fatality rates. The Epidemiology Unit was established in 1959 with assistance from World Health Organization (WHO) to strengthen surveillance of communicable diseases. The Connecticut Department of Public Health (CT DPH) is responsible for assuring that symptomatic LCM, Junin virus, Machupo virus, Guanarito virus Lassa Fever Hantaviruses Rift Valley Fever Dengue Ebola Marburg Category B Burkholderia pseudomallei Coxiella burnetti Brucella species Burkholderia mallei Ricin toxin Epsilon toxin of C. perfringens Staphylococcus enterotoxin B Rickettsia prowazekii Diarrheagenic E.coli Pathogenic Vibrios 1 (100%) The Uganda Ministry of Health informed the public a patient with suspected Ebola Hemorrhagic fever died on May 6, 2011 in the Luwero district, Uganda. In March 2014, the largest EVD outbreak in history began spreading through parts of West Africa. One of the deadliest of epidemic viral diseases, Ebola virus disease (EVD) has, since its 1976 emergence, challenged our attempts to understand its ecology and epidemiology, its pathophysi- ; Compared to most illnesses, Ebola hemorrhagic fever has a relatively short history. Despite the notoriety of ebolaviruses, particularly Ebola virus (EBOV), as prominent viral hemorrhagic fever agents, and the international concern regarding Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreaks, very little is known about the pathophysiology of EVD in humans and, in particular, about the human immune correlates of survival and immune memory. Newly discovered ebola virus associated with hemorrhagic fever outbreak in Uganda. The Epidemiology Unit was established in 1959 with assistance from World Health Organization (WHO) to strengthen surveillance of communicable diseases. Dietz PM, Jambai A, Paweska JT, Yoti Z, Ksaizek TG. The quick diagnosis from a blood sample of Ebola virus was provided by the new CDC Viral Hemorrhagic Fever laboratory installed at the Uganda Viral Research Institute (UVRI). The Ebola virus is spread from person-to-person through contact with bodily fluids. PowerPoint Templates > Ebola virus . Ebola virus is a nonsegmented, negative-sense, single-stranded RNA virus that resembles rhabdoviruses (eg, rabies) and paramyxoviruses (eg, measles, mumps) in its genome organization and replication mechanisms. Less commonly there may be bleeding from the mouth or gastrointestinal tract. Initially, the unit functioned with a WHO consultant and a national counterpart, who, after further training in epidemiology, was appointed in 1961, as the Epidemiologist of the Department of Health Services. Ebola virus disease (EVD) is a severe multisystem disease. Epidemiology and Infection, Vol. Includes 4 AMA PRA Category 1 Credits ™. Lassa fever, also known as Lassa hemorrhagic fever (LHF), is a type of viral hemorrhagic fever caused by the Lassa virus. Bundibugyo. Ebola Virus Epidemiology. Ebola hemorrhagic fever is considered a classic zoonotic disease with persistence of the Ebola virus in a reservoir species. The exact source of Ebola infections remains an open question, and despite all the efforts, we still lack clear indicators about the reservoir of the virus. As each country must strengthen their ... 2014. When symptoms occur they typically include fever, weakness, headaches, vomiting, and muscle pains. Epidemiology. However, the means by which Ebola virus is maintained and transmitted in nature remains unclear despite dedicated efforts to answer these questions. 147, Issue. Vomiting and diarrhea frequently develop during the first few days of illness and may lead to significant volume losses. Ebola virus, and Lassa virus deposited on solid surfaces. Health care professionals discovered Ebola in 1976. The Deadly African Virus Presented by Claudia Hacker Ebola Virus Introduction First appeared in Africa 1976 “African Hemorrhagic Fever” acute,mostly fatal disease causes blood vessel “bursting” systemic (all organs/tissues) humans and nonhuman primates Excluding ‘2000 outbreak 1,500 cases over 1,000 deaths Ebola Taxonomy Scientific Classification Order: Mononegavirales Family: Filoviridae Genus: Ebola … 8 The filoviruses are enveloped, negative-sense single-stranded … It is the cornerstone of public health, and informs policy decisions and evidence-based medicine by identifying risk … Although a lot of effort has been put into identifying the natural reservoirs with every large outbreak of the disease, potential hosts or arthropod vectors for Ebola virus have not been found. Apes, humans and possibly other mammalian species susceptible to Ebola infection are regarded as the end hosts, and not as the reservoirs of infection. They are concerned with collective health rather than individual health. Epidemiology: Reservoir Previously, Filovirus reservoir unknown Clue 1: A Danish boy contracted Marburg and two other visitors contracted Ebola after having visited Kitum cave in Mt. The Ebola response has yielded dramatic results. Only four species are known to cause disease in humans - Zaire ebolavirus, Sudan ebolavirus, Tai Forest ebolavirus, and Bundibugyo ebolavirus. The disease … •The virus is transmitted to people from wild animals and then spreads in the human population through human-to-human transmission. The Ebola virus in parts of Africa is in excess of what is expected for this region. Henrik5000 / iStock / Getty Images Plus. Prior to submitting specimens, local health jurisdictions should obtain approval from Office of Communicable Disease Epidemiology (206-418 … Zaire, Sudan and Cote d'Ivoire cause illness in humans. Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services (CSELS) Division of Health Informatics and Surveillance (DHIS) National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System (NNDSS) •The average Ebola case fatality rate is around 50%. EBOLA VIRUS DISEASE — PATHOGENESIS, CLINICAL PRESENTATION AND MANAGEMENT Abstract: On March 2014 the WHO notified the outbreak of Ebola virus disease (EVD) in Guinea, and infection quickly spread to another West African countries including Sierra Leone, Liberia and Nigeria. Ebola Virus. PHL rRT-PCR testing detects Ebola Zaire virus (2014 outbreak strain). Ebola virus is a class A bioterrorism agent, known to cause highly lethal hemorrhagic fever.The mortality rate can be as high as 90 percent. Gray circles indicate the total numbers of confirmed and probable Ebola cases reported in each affected district, and red circles the number reported during the 21 days leading up to September 14, 2014. Patients with Ebola virus disease typically present with a nonspecific febrile syndrome that may include headache, muscle aches, and fatigue [ 9 ]. Incubation period. epidemiology 1. permit evaluation of trends in health and disease 2. provide a basis for planning, provision, and evaluation of health services 3. identify problems to be studied by analytic methods and suggest areas that may be fruitful for investigation Source: Adapted from Friis RH,Sellers TA. impacts of this virus. Ebola virus and Marburg virus have been cultured from ocular aqueous humor at 2 and 3 months after disease onset, respectively. Ebolavirus – 5 viruses. 100% satisfaction guaranteed - or send it back for a refund! PowerPoint is the world's most popular presentation software which can let you create professional Ebola Virus Emmanuel Olukoyas blog powerpoint presentation easily and in no time. Zaire ebolavirus (EBOV) is an enveloped negative-sense single-stranded RNA virus of the Filoviridae family and is the etiologic agent of Ebola virus disease (EVD).1 EBOV is transmitted through direct contact with infectious body fluids or tissues of an infected individual. The Ebola response has yielded dramatic results. Epidemiology: Reservoir Previously, Filovirus reservoir unknown Clue 1: A Danish boy contracted Marburg and two other visitors contracted Ebola after having visited Kitum cave in Mt. The largest recorded outbreak of EVD is ongoing in West Africa, outside of its previously reported and predicted niche. Introduction. 1 Unlike many viral hemorrhagic fevers, LF is not a rare disease that emerges only in outbreak form. Less commonly there may be bleeding from the mouth or gastrointestinal tract. Clinical Medicine Lectures. then start a person-to-person chain of Ebola virus transmission through contact with blood or body fluids. In this report, the clinical presentation of 37 patients with confirmed EVD in Guinea is … The Ebola virus is spread from person-to-person through contact with bodily fluids. 6 EBOLA VIRUS DISEASE Ebola virus disease (EVD) or Ebola hemorrhagic fever (EHF) is a disease of humans and other primates caused by an ebolavirus. Prehospital personnel, hospitals, and clinicians must be prepared to provide care for patients with EVD, with special attention to rigorous infection control in order to limit the spread of infection. Symptoms start two days to three weeks after contracting the virus, with a fever, sore throat, muscle pain and headaches. Ebola hemorrhagic fever (Ebola virus disease) is a disease caused by four different strains of Ebola virus; these viruses infect humans and nonhuman primates. The interaction and interdependence of agent, host, environment, and time are used in the investigation of diseases and epidemics. Presumptive positive PCR results require confirmatory testing at CDC. The first cases of Ebola virus infection were reported in Zaire (now known as the Democratic Republic of the Congo [DRC]) in 1976. Filoviruses (Ebola) are helical, non-segmented, negative, single-stranded RNA viruses, polymorphic, noninfectious, and have variable lengths. Usually consist of a protein coat with genetic material (either RNA or DNA). Epidemiology is the study of the distribution and determinants of health problems in specified ... virus, fungi, and protozoa (a type of parasite). Assessment of the Risk of Ebola Virus Transmission from Bodily Fluids and FomitesThe J of Infect Dis 2007; 196:S142–7 High Risk Exposures • Percutaneous … 2014 West Africa Ebola outbreak caused by … Introduction to Ebola. The infection is transmitted to individuals from wild creatures and spreads in the human populace through human-to-human transmission. Epidemiology is a medical science with all the methods and tools that entails (5) Disease surveillance: Monitoring outbreaks of disease or conditions, examining such things as seasonal trend, regional instances or other criteria that aids in medical planning, and prevention. 1981. Match each term with the correct example. Viral hemorrhagic fevers are a group of illnesses caused by viruses. The virus is a member of the Filoviridae family (genus Ebolavirus ). Viral hemorrhagic fevers affect multiple systems of the body and tend to cause hemorrhaging (bleeding). Absence of specific treatment or vaccine >20 previous Ebola and Marburg virus outbreaks. Epidemiology of the outbreak 2013-2016 and the outbreak in Democratic Republic of the Congo (North Kivu, 2018) Modes of contamination and transmission of Ebola virus. Epidemiology and Public Health 2015, Valencai, Spain, August 4-6 1015. Assessment of the Risk of Ebola Virus Transmission from Bodily Fluids and FomitesThe J of Infect Dis 2007; 196:S142–7 High Risk Exposures • Percutaneous – needle stick or mucous membrane exposure to bd flidbody fluids Clue 2: Ebola outbreak in the Congo (April 2005) occurred in 5 … The normal EVD case casualty rate is … Ebola fever – Ebola virus. Filoviridae, Marbourgvirus. Transmission occurs via direct or indirect contact with body fluids from Ebola virus infected persons or animals. Identify and prioritize knowledge gaps in disease dynamics at the human-wild-life-animal interface. Webinar is conducted monthly, via Defense Collaboration Services (DCS). Ebola virus disease is considered to be zoonotic, with occasional spillovers to humans, apes, and possibly other animals. Former Soviet Union (FSU) Supercourse. Ebola virus under microscope. Many of those infected by the virus do not develop symptoms. Six distinct species of Ebola virus have been isolated. Towner JS, Sealy TK, Khristova ML, et al. Potentially infectious body fluids include blood, respiratory secretions, urine, feces, vomit, saliva, sweat, breast milk, semen, In patients who have Ebola virus infection, 2 types of exposure history are recognized: primary and secondary. Initially, the unit functioned with a WHO consultant and a national counterpart, who, after further training in epidemiology, was appointed in 1961, as the Epidemiologist of the Department of Health Services. Symptoms. Like all viruses, Ebola lacks the needed components to replicate and must utilize the cell's ribosomes and other cellular machinery to replicate. Arch Virol 2010; 155:2035-2039 Bausch DG et al. 2016. Tai Forest (Ivory Coast) Reston (animals only) Ebola virus disease – keyfacts. Clue 2: Ebola outbreak in the Congo (April 2005) occurred in 5 … Institute of Medicine (IOM) Members' Lectures. Introduction. There were 318 cases and 280 deaths, an 88% case fatality rate. EBOV is one of the most virulen … Q fever - Q fever is a zoonotic disease caused by Coxiella burnetii, a species of bacteria that is distributed globally. 8 There are 5 distinct species of Ebola virus, each of which is named for the region where it was originally identified. Environmental Health Supercourse. The Ebola virus, along with the Marburg virus, belongs to the Filoviridae family. Elgon, Kenya. The exact mechanism by which Ebola infects a cell is not known. We assembled location data on all recorded zoonotic transmission to humans and Ebola virus infection in bats and primates (1976–2014). Every virus requires its own special type of host cell for multiplication. Following an average 6-day asymptomatic incubation period, EVD manifests as high fever, myalgias, and progressive prostration. Arch Virol 2010; 155:2035-2039 Bausch DG et al. Introduction Due to the close relationship between EVD and nutrition, the humanitarian community implemented various nutrition-specific and -sensitive interventions to stem the Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) outbreak in West Africa. People at higher risk of infection include healthcare workers, family members or others who have close contact with infected people or who … This virus is a/an _____. PLoS Pathog. A pandemic (from Greek πᾶν, pan, "all" and δῆμος, demos, "local people" the 'crowd') is an epidemic of an infectious disease that has spread across a large region, for instance multiple continents or worldwide, affecting a substantial number of people. Ebola virus was first discovered in 1976,WHO reports 24 outbreaks,28,633 cases and 11,315 deaths in the recent outbreak. Liberia was declared Ebola free on 9 May 2015. Three examples of outbreaks that have affected the U.S. include the 1981 outbreak of HIV, the 2014 outbreak of Ebola, and, most recently, the 2016 outbreak of the Zika virus. Michigan Public Health professor of Epidemiology, Joe Eisenberg, explains how scientists quantify the intensity of outbreaks like the coronavirus. Outbreaks of Ebola virus disease have occurred in those areas. The Epidemiology Unit was established in 1959 with assistance from World Health Organization (WHO) to strengthen surveillance of communicable diseases. [24] Report of an International Commission. 93% of Fortune 1000 companies use our PowerPoint Products Standing Ovation Award Winner: Best PowerPoint Template Collection 200,000+ satisfied customers worldwide! Food Safety Supercourse. Ebola virus, and Lassa virus deposited on solid surfaces. Many of those infected by the virus do not develop symptoms. The map shows the districts that have been affected by Ebola virus disease in Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone. From December 2013 to March 2016, West Africa experienced the largest Ebola virus (EBOV) outbreak to date, leading to a European-wide activation of laboratory preparedness and response. Lassa fever, also known as Lassa hemorrhagic fever (LHF), is a type of viral hemorrhagic fever caused by the Lassa virus. Clinical infectious diseases: an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of … Ebola and Marburg virus diseases are caused by the Ebola and Marburg viruses, respectively. Ebola haemorrhagic fever causes deadly disease in humans and non-human primates resulting from infection with the Ebola virus (EBOV) genus of the family Filoviridae.However, the mechanisms of EBOV lifecycle in host cells, including viral entry, membrane fusion, RNP formation, GP-tetherin interaction, and VP40-inner leaflet association remain poorly understood. Indian Supercourse Network. . ... Descriptive epidemiology is the more basic of these categories and is fundamental to what epidemiologists do. Fruit bats belonging to the Pteropodidae family are thought to be the natural hosts of the Ebola virus, although the virus has not been isolated yet from bats in natural conditions. Ebola haemorrhagic fever in Zaire, 1976. When symptoms occur they typically include fever, weakness, headaches, vomiting, and muscle pains. Ebola Virus Disease Supercourse. A widespread endemic disease with a stable number of infected people is not a pandemic. These viruses live, for the most part, in rodents (e.g., rats and mice) and arthropods (e.g., mosquitoes and ticks). 9 The species are Sudan ebolavirus, Zaire ebolavirus, Taï Forest ebolavirus, Bundibugyo ebolavirus, and Reston ebolavirus. [PMID:19023410] Comment: A newly discovered Ebola virus associated with a recent outbreak in Uganda, fairly distantly related to the known Ebola viruses. 2 μg/mL. Infection with the Ebola virus in Africa has occurred through the handling of infected gorillas, chimpanzees, monkeys, fruit bats, forest antelopes, and porcupines. Infectious Ebola virions are usually 920 nm in length, 80 nm in diameter, and have a membrane stolen from the host cell by budding. Publications on Ebola: Epidemiology. Ebola virus RNA has been detected in breast milk up to 21 days after the onset of the disease and in vaginal secretions up to 33 days after onset. The role of fear-related behaviors in the 2013–2016 West Africa Ebola virus disease outbreak. The virus has been previously detected through lab testing in … The number of people diagnosed with the virus has dropped markedly. 1. Knowledge Check. Ebola virus, and Lassa virus deposited on solid surfaces. Ebola virus disease). Lassa virus is one of more than 25 causative viruses of viral hemorrhagic fever (Table 4.1), an acute systemic illness classically involving fever, a constellation of initially non-specific signs and symptoms, and a propensity for bleeding and shock. 2. Upon completion of this module, learners will be able to: Review the state of global public health prior to the 2014 Ebola epidemic. Patients with Ebola virus disease typically present with a nonspecific febrile syndrome that may include headache, muscle aches, and fatigue [ 9 ]. 2008;4(11):e1000212. Filoviruses (Ebola) are helical, non-segmented, negative, single-stranded RNA viruses, polymorphic, noninfectious, and have variable lengths. The Ebola virus disease outbreak in Tonkolili district, Sierra Leone: a retrospective analysis of the Viral Haemorrhagic Fever surveillance system, July 2014–June 2015. The disease is introduced into the human population via close contact with the blood, bodily secretions, organs, or other fluids of infected animals. Once in humans, Ebola can spread efficiently in the community through human-to-human transmission. Virus taxonomy. Currently, West Africa is facing the largest outbreak of Ebola virus disease (EVD) in history. The 2014–2015 Ebola virus disease (EVD) epidemic in West Africa was first detected in March 2014 in Guinea [].With a total of 28,220 reported cases and 11,291 reported deaths (as reported by the WHO on September 16, 2015), the largest EVD outbreak ever documented [2, 3], the disease showed its devastating potential.In July 2014, a local outbreak started in Pujehun district, Sierra … A maculopapular rash is sometimes observed. Because the Ebola virus is so hazardous, it is classified as a biosafety level 4 agent - the level assigned to the most dangerous agents known. Elgon, Kenya. Severe disease with high case fatality. Since Ebola virus was first identified more than 30 years ago, tremendous progress has been made in understanding the molecular biology and pathogenesis of this virus. Arch Virol 2010; 155:2035-2039 Bausch DG et al. The virus causing this outbreak, the Zaire Ebolavirus (EBOV), belongs to the genus Ebolavirus which together with the genus Marburgvirus forms the family of the Filoviridae. This progress is the result of remarkable contributions by numerous actors who have implemented their assistance in a flexible yet strategic manner. Ebola infection malady (EVD), in the past known as Ebola hemorrhagic fever, is an extreme, frequently deadly disease in people. 30. Epidemiology for Public Figure 1Districts Affected by Ebola Virus Disease in Three Countries in Africa. Over the years, there have been outbreaks of diseases around the world. Ebola Virus Disease - Ebola Virus Disease is caused by infection with one of the Ebola virus strains. Michigan Public Health professor of Epidemiology, Joe Eisenberg, explains how scientists quantify the intensity of outbreaks like the coronavirus. R0 is the number of cases, on average, an infected person will cause during their infectious period. This progress is the result of remarkable contributions by numerous actors who have implemented their assistance in a flexible yet strategic manner. Identified in 1976 . Clinician Outreach and Communication Activity (COCA) COCA prepares clinicians to respond to emerging health threats and public health emergencies by communicating relevant, timely information related to disease outbreaks, disasters, terrorism events, and other health alerts. . This helps you give your presentation on Ebola Virus Emmanuel Olukoyas blog in a conference, a school lecture, a business proposal, in a webinar and business and professional representations. Ebola virus disease (EVD) is a severe, frequently fatal illness. Infectious Ebola virions are usually 920 nm in length, 80 nm in diameter, and have a membrane stolen from the host cell by budding. The number of people diagnosed with the virus has dropped markedly. Chronic Disease Epidemiology Supercourse. Ebola haemorrhagic fever causes deadly disease in humans and non-human primates resulting from infection with the Ebola virus (EBOV) genus of the family Filoviridae.However, the mechanisms of EBOV lifecycle in host cells, including viral entry, membrane fusion, RNP formation, GP-tetherin interaction, and VP40-inner leaflet association remain poorly understood. Ebola (Zaire) Soudan. Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases: Ebola Causal agent Ebolavirus (Filoviridae family). People become infected with Ebola virus through contact with infected wild animals or contact with blood or body fluids (urine, feces, saliva, sweat, vomit, breast milk, and semen) of infected humans. Case definition recommendations for Ebola or Marburg virus diseases 9 August 2014; WHO experts consultation on Ebola Reston pathogenicity in humans 6 May 2009; Investigating cause of death during an outbreak of Ebola virus haemorrhagic fever 5 … ,
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