why are eastern cougars endangered

If you live in an eastern state that is deliberating reintroduction, or if you would like then to consider it as an option, get involved, reach out and contribute your thoughts. Eastern cougars once roamed every U.S. state east of the Mississippi, but it has been eight decades since the last confirmed sighting of the animal. This member of the big cat family, noticeable for its large size, long tail, and tan colour was actually referred to by a number of different names, including: catamount, puma, cougar, painter, and mountain lion. Animal Tracking, Conservation, Mountain Lions Why are cougars extinct in Florida? Highway crossings and underpasses are also required to save Cougar living in heavily populated areas such as California and Florida. These are the North American subspecies of mountain lions returning to where they were extirpated some 70 years ago when wide-scale predator control was commonplace. It’s hard to imagine a state deciding to reintroduce a big scary cat that has been known to attack humans. Genetic tools, however, have provided a very different picture. Fish and Wildlife Service(Service) has completed a review of all available information about the eastern cougar, which has been on the endangered species list since 1973. Fish and Wildlife Service. Regardless, the eastern cougar will no longer appear on the endangered species list because, whether non-existent from the beginning or now extinct, it does not exist now. Sorry–I’ll try to figure it out. Then after,in 2011, the Fish and Wildlife Service opened an elaborate review about thestatus of the creature. Yes, the fact that there is not a breeding population of “eastern cougars” in the northeast of the United States or eastern-most Canada is reason for the declaration. It will be interesting to see how that plays out. In fact, by the 30’s, they were already referred to as “ghost cats” because they were now so rare. But increasingly, researchers assess genetic distance instead (or sometimes, in addition to physical distance)–if indeed the genetics of Florida panthers are the same as other North American mountain lions, this measure will no longer support DPS. Recent sightings of cougars in the Northeast are believed to be migrating western mountain lions, Florida panthers or captive animals that were released into the wild, wildlife biologists said. But, much more importantly, the newest science has revealed that there never was an “eastern cougar” subspecies to begin with. https://www.cougarnet.org/research/. The FL panther is certainly a distinct population. They are also known as mountain lions. Unlike eastern cougars, Florida panthers dodged extinction, but it was a close call. I’ve received a lot of worried messages and comments on social media about the recent U.S. Photograph by Mark Elbroch. Fish and Wildlife Service and numerous conservation scientists agree that delisting the eastern cougar actually makes it easier to reintroduce this top predator in the northeast. To add on, a male cougar will consider its territory to be 58 to 368 square miles and a for a female half of that. Fish and Wildlife Service evaluation in 2011. Eastern Cougar. It doesn’t seem that FL will ever be able to meet the requirements for delisting through recovery, which I think requires establishment of at least 2 additional breeding populations outside south FL(?). Over the years the population of the cougars has declined because of hunting pressure and habitat destruction. Eastern cougar is declared extinct nearly 80 years after last one was trapped and killed in Maine. And last, some funny wording in the ESA regarding DPS status–is that it “must be used sparingly.” Given the current trend of the current administration with regards to wildlife issues, this might be a tough sell for awhile. Yes, it's our human hand that's doing the damage. Question 2. The eastern cougar has been classified as " endangered " since 1973, but the last records of the animal date back to the 1930s in Maine and New Brunswick. Wouldn’t they then be eligible for listing and protection? Extinct animals and plants can’t be protected under the Endangered Species Act as a method to safeguard other related species. The Eastern Cougar has been an endangered species on the list since 1973. The Eastern cougar, or mountain lion, was historically present in the state, but has been absent since the late 1800s. I’ve received a lot of worried messages and comments on social media about the recent U.S. Cougar are increasingly found in habitat patches that have been fragmented by human activities such as highways, ranches and farms. Eastern Cougars are endangered throughout Canada and the U.S. Eastern cougar or eastern puma (Puma concolor couguar) refers to the extirpated population of cougars that live in northeastern North America, which some authorities have considered to be a subspecies. The eastern cougar no longer needs to be on a list of protected animals because it was killed off more than 70 years ago, the US Fish and Wildlife Service says. Fish and Wildlife Service on Tuesday proposed removing the eastern cougar from the endangered species list, declaring that the big cats have likely been extinct for at least 70 years. Eastern cougar Questions and answers about the five-year review March 2011 U.S. We're spreading and developing, whether it be new shopping malls or housing complexes, and that means habitat loss for our friend, the eastern cougar. A Species At Risk: The Eastern Cougar Reproductive Data Where Were They Found/Where Did They Live Cougars begin to breed at 2 or 3 years old, every 2 to 3 years at a time, producing 1-6 cubs each time. Restored habitat corridors are vital to link these isolated populations. This is just one man’s opinion, of course. Endangered eastern cougar headed for official extinction. The agency's decision to declare the eastern cougar extinct does not affect the status of the Florida panther, another endangered wildcat. Development has gone on unchecked, and increasing numbers of panthers become road kill. Fish and Wildlife Service. It is more correct to say that the North American subspecies of mountain lions is locally extinct in the northeast, because there is not a breeding population in this region. Since the 1930’s however, eastern cougar numbers had been rapidly dwindling, so their extinction came as no real surprise. and the Elusive House Mouse, Reflection on Tracker Evaluations in North America. Even if there was evidence that some of these new migrants were breeding, that is still not evidence of eastern mountain lions. Text and images © Mark Elbroch unless otherwise noted, Natural History, Animal Tracking, And Mountain Lions. Re-introducing animals into previous range (as was done with wolves into Yellowstone National Park and central Idaho in 1995 and 1996) is an arduous process. Wednesday's declaration paves the way for the eastern cougar to be removed from the endangered species list, where it was placed in 1973. The USFWS made it official last year by removing eastern cougars from the endangered species list. The decision, announced Monday, is the result of years of deliberation. Fish and Wildlife Service. Extinct Animals. The U.S. The cougar is dangerous and is considered a threat to livestock and was aggressively hunted by 19 th century settlers. People in MA freaked out over a proposal to reintroduce the timber rattlesnake to an island in the Quabbin Res. Now, the U.S. T he Eastern cougar goes by many names: Mountain lion, and puma. Paul Rezendes and I were two of the many that confirmed photos of footprints he left in the Quabbin Resevoir in central Massachusetts before he was killed. Thanks for the clarifications! My point is that even a single cat without a territory leaves sign, and a resident breeding population leaves much more. In 2015, the agency inferred that the animal does notneed to be protected under the Endangered Species Act and decided to de-listit. The Service initiated the review as part of its obligations under the Endangered Species Act. More As per certain logical appraisals, about 150 to 200 types of bugs, flying creatures, warm blooded creatures, and plants go wiped out each and every year. If so, then not protecting the single migrant seems to defeat the intention of the ESA. The U.S. These are migrants from the west, not local mountain lions that survived undetected for the last 70 years. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service) has completed a review of all available information about the eastern cougar, which has been on the endangered species list since 1973. Unfortunately, as of 2011, eastern cougar numbers were deemed too low for them to continue breeding and so the cat was deemed extinct. Re-introducing federally protected animals, which are monitored closely and have stringent rules about how they are handled and moved, is even more difficult. It is unique. Fish & Wildlife Service The U.S. A cougar can jump straight up 5.5 metres from the ground. Fish and Wildlife Service has officially declared the subspecies extinct and removed it from the U.S. endangered species list. I think the wording of the federal ruling unintentionally—but unfortunately—influenced how the media covered the change in conservation status. As discussed above, genetic distance will not support DPS listing either. Because they have a body dark color very rare superficial knowledge. Yet, even he was documented numerous times on motion-triggered cameras and by experienced woodsmen and women while he traveled. 13. The eastern cougar, a subspecies of North America's largest cat, has been declared extinct by the U.S. The eastern cougars were unofficially deemed extinct by a U.S. Documenting this lone male was akin to looking for a needle in a haystack when you consider the massive geographic range he traversed, in which he unlikely ever encountered another mountain lion east of the Mississippi (if not east of Kansas). In this case, the distance the NH population is from the nearest breeding population is unlikely to support DPS listing. Although the eastern cougar has been on the endangered species list since 1973, its existence has long been questioned. Three of the over 20 subspecies of the cougar are endangered: the Florida panther (Puma concolor coryi), the Costa Rican Puma (Puma concolor costaricensis), and the Eastern Puma (Puma concolor couguar). Over the years the population of the cougars has declined because of hunting pressure and habitat destruction. Fish and Wildlife Service evaluation in 2011. Eastern cougars, not surprisingly, used to thrive mainly in eastern states in the U.S including Florida, and most of the South East including Texas and parts of Tennessee. This classification is a key point for those who support future efforts to re-establish extinct populations of cougars in the Eastern United States. Thus, the eastern cougar is not extinct—it never existed. Also, their habitat is being destroyed and so their living space is becoming dense and they will fight and kill each other for their territory. It is uncertain whether there are any Eastern Cougars left in Canada. Regarding your question 1: Many speculate that the USFWS may switch the listing of the Florida panther to one based upon what is called a “distinct population segment (DPS).” And this is what you are referring to when you rightly point out that the ESA can indeed protect a “population” rather than a subspecies. They were very shy in nature, as most cats are, and so they stayed well clear of towns and cities and instead resided out in the wilderness, often in wooded areas such as forests dense with thick foliage. Eastern cougars used to primarily prey on white-tailed deer. State Wildlife Agencies act on behalf of their public—so let them know how you feel. Why Are Cougars Endangered? A different subspecies, the Florida panther, is endangered due to habitat loss and fragmentation. Though they are not social animals, they will tolerate each other to mate. Today, phylogenetics is the more appropriate term, because our study of phylogeny is almost entirely dependent upon genetic tools. The U.S. Hope that helps! The eastern cougar was one of the first animals to be included on the federal Endangered Species list in 1973. The caveat, however, is that current phylogentics could be used to argue that the Florida panther subspecies, just like the eastern cougar, is not justified either, and that their protective status should be ended as well. The only surviving member of this race is the endangered Florida panther, of whom some 80 survive. The U.S. By Rebecca Williams ... Any animals of an eastern cougar descent would have to come from a remnant population and we don’t even know of any population of eastern cougars,” says Roell. That isn't true. Cougars are endangered because back then many were scared the cougars would kill their livestock, therefore many killed as many cougars as possible. They don't usually attack humans unless they feel cornered or threatened. The species, also known as pumas, are the genetic cousins of mountain lions in the Western United States and of Florida panthers, which … Tracks of an adult female mountain lion from northwest Wyoming (F72). No, no, no, despite myriad "sightings" throughout the … If the eastern cougar is removed from the federal endangered species list, the introduction of cougars to the eastern states would fall under the jurisdiction of the states. That brings us to the second criteria for DPS designation, which is “significance” — the Florida panther population is significant as it is the only wild population of mountain lions on the eastern seaboard. However, in recent years, populations have begun to expand into where humans are living, mostly in the western United States. Most … The population in the eastern parts of the United States completely clear. Cougars tend to roam in areas where they won't be seen, such as rocky mountains or dark forests. 2. However, in recent years, populations have begun to expand into where humans are living, mostly in the western United States. Eastern cougars that once roamed North America from Canada to South Carolina are extinct and no longer warrant federal Endangered Species Act … McCollough says if the eastern cougar is taken off the endangered species list, management will fall to the states. To add on, a male cougar will consider its… Those cougars were gone by the 1930s, but it was only after many decades of absence from the landscape that the United States Fish and Wildlife Service declared the eastern cougar extinct. Based upon subtle differences in coat color and skeletal measurements, historic scientists believed there were many subspecies of mountain lions in North America, including the eastern cougar. Cougars were once found all over North America. On June 17, 2015, the Service published a proposed rule ( 80 FR 34595 ) to remove the eastern puma from the List, with a comment period extending through August 17, 2015. In the sameyear, a group of scholars and students … Great article, and I have a couple questions: 1. Now Extinct, Eastern Cougar Removed From Endangered List January 22, 2018 January 23, 2018 RAMONA YOUNG-GRINDLE. Why did they become extinct? The eastern cougar is no longer endangered. The agency conducted an extensive review of the eastern cougar in 2011, and recommended it be removed from the endangered and threatened species list in 2015, Reuters reported. It will now be up to each state to decide whether that is a course they would like to pursue, however, the debates between pro-predator and anti-predator constituents are unlikely to be any easier. Fish and Wildlife declaration that the “eastern cougar” (or mountain lion, Puma concolor couguar) is extinct, and was therefore being removed from federal endangered species protections. The eastern cougar was placed on the provincial endangered species list, but its status is unknown. The scientific name for a cougar is Puma concolor. Fangju Fangju answered . This I think would be the best outcome for the Florida panther… but I do not know how the review team will weigh the requirements to assign DPS–the first requirement is that a population is “discrete.” Traditionally, this was clearer–the Florida panthers are clearly separate from the remainder of mountain lion populations, and anyone could see that they are discrete. Unofficially,in 2011, this long-tailed puma subspecies was considered to be extinct by an evaluationconducted by the U.S. But, further, most people agree this is unlikely. This would be devastating for Florida panther conservation, which is currently led by the U.S. Posted in: Meanwhile, the Florida Panther — one of the nation’s most endangered animals — remains on the endangered species list. The agency's decision to declare the eastern cougar extinct does not affect the status of the Florida panther, another endangered wildcat. Wednesday's declaration paves the way for the eastern cougar to be removed from the endangered species list, where it was placed in 1973. animals, Endangered Species Act, extinction, U.S. Due to the lack of evidence in the past, biologists are now wondering if there was ever a subspecies of eastern cougar or maybe that there was just an eastern population of … The U.S. Officially, since 2015 we have already got over 30 species crossed out from the list of species that are living on Earth. The review concludes that the eastern cougar is extinct. Why are cougars endangered? Cade Libby Provincial Furbearer Biologist DNRE Novembre 2000 . Again, thanks for the additional info. No States expressed a belief in the existence of an eastern cougar population. The main two reasons why cougars are endangered are: Poachers hunting them for their fur, even though its illegal. Some subspecies' cougar seriously was already in imminent danger “the Florida subspecies”, also calls Florida the leopard. Eastern cougars that once roamed North America from Canada to South Carolina are extinct and no longer warrant federal Endangered Species Act … The main two reasons why cougars are endangered are: Poachers hunting them for their fur, even though its illegal. I understand this is due to deforestation and hunting. It was declared extinct in 2011. A member of the big cat family, the Eastern Cougar was believed to actually be a subspecies descending from the North American Cougar. Once arriving in the east, aren’t cougars then present, and therefore eligible for listing and protection? What are the differences among the puma, panther, mountain lion, catamount, cougar and painter? The cougar has reaches 29 subspecies, is different based on theirs distributed area and build difference. According to Dr. Mark McCollough, the Service’s lead scientist for the eastern cougar, the subspecies of eastern cougar has likely been extinct since the 1930s. This is one point I believe should have been included in the summary at the start of the federal ruling. Fish and Wildlife Service said Monday it has removed the eastern cougar from the federal list of protected species because it is extinct. Some subspecies' cougar seriously was already in imminent danger “the Florida subspecies”, also calls Florida the leopard. Thanks for keen questions. The Service's removal of the eastern cougar from the endangered species list does not affect the status of the Florida panther, a separate cougar subspecies listed as endangered, and all other cougars that may be found in Florida, which are protected under a “similarity of appearance” designation to aid in protection of the Florida panther. Any recent news of mountain lion sightings in the northeast, and any future confirmations of mountain lions in the northeast, do not justify the existence of the “eastern cougar” as a separate subspecies. The agency conducted an extensive review of the eastern cougar in 2011, and recommended it be removed from the endangered and threatened species list in 2015. Fish and Wildlife Service. New England has numerous people skilled in interpreting animal tracks and sign, and mountain lions leave considerable sign where they move and kill prey. Federal officials say the last records of the cats are likely in Maine in 1938 and in New Brunswick in 1932. This map was made by Brad Herried for the Cougar Network, an organization leading the documenting and analyzing the eastward expansion of western mountain lions. The U.S. Three of the over 20 subspecies of the cougar are endangered: the Florida panther (Puma concolor coryi), the Costa Rican Puma (Puma concolor costaricensis), and the Eastern Puma (Puma concolor couguar). The color and thickness of the coat of the cougar varies according to region and subspecies, but generally, cougars are tawny-colored with black-tipped ears and tails. Habitats/Behaviours. Eastern cougars are no longer an endangered species as they were declared extinct in 2011. Question: Why are cougars an endangered species? It is conceivable that upwards of 2,000 animals go wiped out each year. What if migrants establish a breeding population? This subspecies includes populations in western Canada, the western United States, Florida, Mexico and Central America, and possibly South America northwest of the Andes Mountains. But hopefully this helps you see some of the hurdles–a breeding cat population would need to spring up right now in New Hampshire and be completely disconnected from other mountain lion populations to be even considered for DPS status…and the eastward expansion of mountain lions is slowly happening (at the speed of female dispersal, not male) and thus its unlikely a breeding population would spring up so far ahead of natural recolonization as it is already occurring. The review concludes that the eastern cougar is extinct. Mountain lions that disperse eastward from the west were never protected under the Endangered Species Act. Interesting info about the possible need for genetic discreteness on the FL panther. They used to kill their larger sized prey via suffocation, by biting their prey on their throats and squeezing until their prey’s windpipes actually collapsed. And sadly, extinction of some species have become a common thing. I really admire your work and wish you continued success. By the late 1800’s, white-tailed deer were almost entirely eradicated and as a result, the cougars began to die out as they simply had no prey to feed upon. Let’s assume that indeed migrants arrive and establish a breeding population in New Hampshire. The North American cougar (Puma concolor couguar) is a cougar subspecies in North America.It was once common in eastern North America, and is still prevalent in the western half of the continent. You say that migrants from the west to the eastern US are not protected. 1 Answers. The U.S. Some people still argue that mountain lions have existed in hidden pockets in New England for all of these years. This means that current genetic research supports the belief that all the mountain lions in North America are of a single subspecies. The U.S. government declared the eastern cougar--a victim of bounty hunting and habit change in the 1700s and 1800s--officially extinct on Wednesday, … For one reason, now that all mountain lions in North America are considered the same species, we can reintroduce the native subspecies to New England rather than replace it with a different subspecies. The U.S. So, physical distance will be the key to DPS listing, which I personally believe is warranted. or decades, the presence of eastern cougar (Felis concolor couguar) in New Brunswick has been debated among biologists and the public.The eastern cougar was placed on the provincial endangered species list, but its status is unknown. The Eastern Cougar Is Officially Extinct So why do people keep seeing them? We must await summer 2019, when the review of the Florida panther is complete and results will be made public. I’ve received a lot of worried messages and comments on social media about the recent U.S. The eastern puma (=cougar) was originally listed as an endangered species on June 4, 1973 (38 FR 14678). The eastern cougar is not extinct, it never existed–here is a mountain lion from the west, which genetics confirm is as much an eastern cougar as those cats that historically roamed New England. And to answer a possible question from some one else, should New Hampshire or another eastern state choose to reintroduce mountain lions, they will almost certainly do so with the provision that DPS status cannot be implemented, which would hinder the state from “flexible” management of the reintroduced animals. Great questions! However, on January 22, the Eastern cougar subspecies was officially declared extinct in the U.S. and removed from the endangered species list by the U.S. Michigan does not have a management plan in place if the eastern cougar is de-listed. I thought the ESA covered endangered “populations”, as well as endangered subspecies and species. Unlike the other big cats, the cougar cannot roar and purrs like the house cat. This beautiful wild cat is gravely endangered in the near north of eastern Canada, where it once traveled the rough, hilly and swampy lands surrounded by forest. 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Fish and Wildlife Service is planning to remove the eastern cougar from the endangered species list. Thus, current and future eastern migrants are unaffected by the new federal ruling—and still protected following the laws of the states in which they move while they are dispersing to seek new territories to call their own. Fish and Wildlife Service (CN) – The U.S. Why aren’t they? Fish and Wildlife Service (Service) conducted a formal review of the available information and, in a report issued today, concludes the eastern cougar is extinct and recommends the subspecies be removed from the endangered species list. The USFWS made it official last year by removing eastern cougars from the endangered species list. Even though reintroduction is now “easier”, I find it inconceivable that any eastern state would actually chose to reintroduce them. By the late 1800’s, white-tailed deer were almost entirely eradicated and as a result, the cougars began to die out as they simply had no prey to feed upon. Here is the complete federal ruling, but here I provide what I believe are the five key take-home messages for those of us invested in mountain lion conservation. Answer (1 of 1): The cougar has reaches 29 subspecies, is different based on theirs distributed area and build difference. Meat eaters, eastern cougars used to prey on animals such as deer, small mammals, and wild pigs. The 80-100 wild Florida panthers remain protected wherever they are found, even if they disperse out of Florida into neighboring states. Phylogeny is the science that proposes how animals are related by their evolutionary history. Fish and Wildlife Service is planning to remove the eastern cougar from the endangered species list after determining the subspecies has likely been extinct for 70 years. The eastern cougar no longer needs to be on a list of protected animals because it was killed off more than 70 years ago, the US Fish and Wildlife Service says. The evidence eastern pumas were pretty much the same animal as cougars alive today in the West provides a biological basis for reintroducing cougars from the West. The last eastern cougar was allegedly killed by a car in Connecticut. But cougars are protected by state law. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) currently recognizes six subspecies of mountain lions, of which only one—Puma concolor cougar—inhabits North America. When killing smaller prey such as small deer, often times their prey would simply die from a broken neck, often brought on by one single bite. Although cougars are seen occasionally in the East, no evidence exists that they are the subspecies known as eastern cougars. Because they have a body dark color very rare superficial knowledge. 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