effects of mangrove removal

Within each of the areas 10 samples were taken. In the non-mangrove region, the Shannon–Wiener index (H′) varied from 1.51 to 2.83 and Pielou’s evenness index (J) varied from 0.73 to 0.98 before mangrove removal, while after mangrove removal, the Shannon–Wiener index (H′) varied from 1.04 to 2.46 and Pielou’s evenness index (J) varied from 0.73 to 0.93. Because plants highly reflect and absorb near-infrared and red wavelengths of light, the ratio of these two bands is often applied for vegetation mapping. Changes of the mangroves over the study decade are shown in Fig. The results showed that the concentrations of heavy metals at all sediment depths in the S. apetala site were significantly higher than that in K. obovata.The geo-accumulation index and potential ecological risk … The results indicate that mangrove removal can be an appropriate habitat rehabilitation strategy for benthic organisms. The dominant mangrove species on the tidal flats are Kandelia candel, Avicennia marina, and Rhizophora mucronata. Grain size analysis of samples. Consistent with our results, Alfaro (2010) clearly demonstrated the effects of mangrove removal on the characteristics benthic fauna. Silty (mud-dominated) sediments occur to depths greater than 5 cm in the cleared site WMA, suggesting that the mud is either continuing to accumulate and/or is not being redistributed after mangrove removal. The high mud content and below ground biomass documented at one of the cleared sites highlights the importance of considering the intertidal position and hydrodynamics of a site before planning the removal of any coastal vegetation. “The rate of sea-level rise keeps going up,” says Geselbracht, who was not affiliated with the study. The removal of mangrove forests impacts the overall integrity of near-shore coral reefs by elevating nutrient levels, resulting in higher algal cover. Mangrove and seagrass ecosystems are widespread coastal and estuarine environments found in tropical and subtropical latitudes. The results indicate that the benthic communities at the cleared sites have not recovered within the observation period (2005 – 2008). The small seedling region is located between the two dense regions. 1998, Rönnbäck et al. mud present at both sites. The smallest benthic density occurred in January 2016 and the largest in September 2016. The report indicates that the effects of climate change could result in a loss of a further 10 - 15 per cent of mangroves by year 2100. To calculate the area of mangrove cover, NDVI and EVI were used. The number of species within the mangrove regions increased after mangrove removal. The present study compared accumulation of heavy metals in a mangrove swamp dominated by Kandelia obovata with that by Sonneratia apetala in Pearl River Estuary, China. The variations in the Shannon–Wiener index (H′) and Pielou’s evenness index (J) are illustrated in Fig. Benthic density was smallest in January 2016 and largest in August 2016. The spread of mangroves changes the structure and functions of habitats for benthic organisms, causes infilling of estuaries and flooding and creates breeding grounds for small black mosquitoes. Based on projected rates, mangrove trees could lose their race against rising water within the next 30 years. The benthic organisms were sampled in habitats in the mangrove and non-mangrove regions both before and after mangrove-removal activities. In the scattered region, workers used hoes to remove the branches and roots and then carried the debris to the shore for stacking. The juveniles of few species of crustaceans, such as banana prawns Penaeus merguiensis and P. indicus ), are found exclusively in mangrove ecosystem (Staples et al. Mangroves cover a wide latitudinal range in Australia and New Zealand, so it is difficult to summarize the potential synergistic effects of climate change stressors for the entire region. To test this hypothesis, radiotracer experiments were performed to evaluate zinc (65Zn) and cadmium (109Cd) removal kinetics by redeposited mangrove sediments. Furthermore, the survival of juvenile fish is aided by the long residence time of water amongst the mangroves, which is facilitated by the mangrove roots. Effects of mangrove removal on benthic communities and sediment characteristics at Mangawhai Harbour, northern New Zealand. The dominant benthic organisms obtain nutrients from various sources, including bacteria and algae; the effect of mangrove-derived nutrients on the food web may be local, with minimal exports of organic material to surrounding habitats (e.g., sandflats) (Alfaro et al., 2006). A large-scale mangrove-removal project was undertaken by the Hsinchu City Government from October 2015 to March 2016. To maintain tidal mudflats, mangrove seedlings were removed from the Hong Kong Mai Po Ramsar Site; the result was elevated biodiversity (WWF Hong Kong, 2006). First, the vegetation and nonvegetation areas were extracted from all satellite images by NDVI. Mangrove presence increases the residence time of water, especially in flat, wide mangroves with complex waterways (Wolanski & Ridd 1986). TypoMissing or incorrect metadataQuality: PDF, figure, table, or data qualityDownload issuesAbusive behaviorResearch misconductOther issue not listed above. Assessment of vegetation recovery and soil erosion at landslides caused by a catastrophic earthquake: a case study in Central Taiwan. Frequency of collection: Data collected in 2005 and 2008, www.ew.govt.nz/Publications/Technical-Reports/TR200913/, Benthic Communities (including shellfish). 2007, Nakahara 2007) and show similar results to studies on the island of Hawai‘i; mangroves seem to be be providing habitat for invasive fish species (e.g., poeciliids, snapper, tilapia) (Van der Veur 2006, MacKenzie et al. In terms of preferred habitat, Uca arcuate prefers to appear in a wet environment. They also investigated the consequences of mangrove removal on benthic organisms and adjacent habitats from October 2015 to September 2016, and the density, species count, Shannon–Wiener index (H′), and Pielou’s evenness index (J′) of the mangrove and non-mangrove regions were compared. Siangshan Wetland, located in Hsinchu, Taiwan, is an important muddy wetland with abundant species and biodiversity. Results. Rehabilitation and restoration differ in their meaning: the latter refers to partly or completely replacing the structure or functional aspects of an affected ecosystem, whereas the former attempts to return the ecosystem to its original characteristics (Field, 1999). The first study focused on the effects of incineration of mangrove detritus (Riddell, 2005), the second looked at impacts of mangrove removal on vegetation (Wildland Consultants, 2005), and the third assessed the effects of vegetation removal on benthic fauna. Mangrove forests are facing a 'triple threat' to their long-term durability and survival, according to a new study. There is a clear connection between mangrove forests and the adjacent coral reefs. 1. And research indicates they store four times as much carbon as other tropical forests. Therefore, the Hsinchu Municipal Government has instituted several small-scale mangrove-removal projects since 2000. Geomorphologic dynamics and maintenance following mudflat, creek and pond formation in an estuarine mangrove wetland, Eco-environmental impact assessment of pre-leisure beach nourishment on the benthic invertebrate community at Anping coast, Taiwan, Development of a salinity-secondary flow-approach model to predict mangrove spreading, Prediction of rice crop yield using MODIS EVI-LAI data in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam, The physical and ecological impacts of mangrove expansion and mangrove removal: Tauranga Harbour, New Zealand, Capability of NDVI technique in detecting mangrove vegetation, Ethnobiology, socioeconomics and management of mangrove forests: a review, Management plan for the Mai Po nature reserve, The salinity gradient influences on the inundation tolerance thresholds of mangrove forests, Status of coastal wildlife protection area (Siangshan Wetland) in HsinChu City, 2013 symposium on animal behavior and ecology, O07-10, 2014 congress of animal behavior & ecology, O4-7, SH104a1/ EPA 102-078A /Taiwan Wetland Society. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. J was smallest in September 2016 with a value of 0.77. Fish use mangrove areas as crucial breeding habitats and nursery areas (Denis et al., 2016). On the tidal flats in the non-mangrove region, the crab species included Uca arcuata, Uca lacteal, Mictyris brevidactylus, and Macrophthalmus banzai, and the Bivalvia species included Laternula anatine, Meretrix lusoria, Cycladicama oblonga, Tellina jedonensis, Mactra veneriformis. Sampling for macrobenthos was conducted monthly from October 2015 to September 2016. The southwest portion of the wetland has large-scale oyster farms. After mangrove removal, the composition of the sediment changed from a muddy to a sandier habitat, and clams began to appear (Young, 2013). WME: bare (undisturbed) intertidal flat habitat no more than one email per day or week based on your preferences. • 30 cm sediment core (diameter 5 cm). Alfaro (2010) also reported that mangrove removal in temperate region in the north of New Zealand had particular effects on sediment characteristics and benthic communities. Generally, scholars think that natural coast habitats provide healthier ecosystems than those that are artificially constructed. Related projects are all entrusted to NGOs. After mangrove removal, the benthic density increased to 25 to 130 ind./m2, and the number of species increased to between 10 and 19. First, flow conditions affect decomposition rates and may be modified by the fishpond walls. These ecosystems provide habitat, shelter and food for numerous organisms, including some species that support important nearshore fisheries. Mangroves with dense roots trap mud more effectively. Environment Waikato Technical Report 2009/13. Stokes, D. 2009: Assessment of Physical Changes after Mangrove Removal: Whangamata Harbour 2008. This study presents evidence to argue that mangrove removal benefits benthic organisms. We Furthermore, the density of bivalve species in the two different regions (mangrove: A1, A5; and non-mangrove: B1, B5) were compared (Fig. Two crab species, Uca arcuata and Uca vocans borealis, were observed at the sampling sites within the mangrove area before mangrove removal. WMC: recently cleared habitat Analyses of temporal trends in the data indicate that benthic invertebrate abundance and diversity are increasing with time and that the disparity in population structure between the mangrove site and the cleared site may decrease as time goes on. The species diversity was largest in October 2015 and smallest in January 2016. The first study focused on the effects of incineration of mangrove detritus (Riddell, 2005), the second looked at impacts of mangrove removal on vegetation (Wildland Consultants, 2005), and the third assessed the effects of vegetation removal on benthic fauna. The organisms were sorted and washed in a laboratory; species were identified, counted, and preserved in a 70% alcohol solution. Mangrove presence increases the residence time of water, especially in flat, wide mangroves with complex waterways (Wolanski & Ridd 1986). peatlands), freshwater streams and rivers. Functional differences between the major and minor claws of fiddler crabs (Uca, family Ocypodidae, order Decapoda, Subphylum Crustacea): a result of selection or developmental constraint? In the sampling sites of the non-mangrove region, the benthic density varied from 20 to 60 ind./m2, and the species varied from five to 25 before mangrove removal. The types of mangroves, bare land, and water were analyzed using Erdas Imagine Software. WMD: mangrove habitat (undisturbed) “It is essential to secure or restore mud delivery to coasts to counter negative effects of sea-level rise. This region could shed light on such synergistic effects when studied at the latitudinal boundary of mangrove extent in south Australia and north New Zealand. In 2010 and 2012, small-scale removal of the estuary of the Sanxing stream can be observed, and the area was estimated at approximately 8 ha In 2014, small-scale removal at the lower end of the dense region was also observed. In northern New Zealand, the Northland Regional Council granted an environmental permit (CON20031099401) to remove a 0.26-ha fringe of mangrove trees from Mangawhai Harbour to improve water access; this project was remarkable in that it enabled researchers to observe what ecological consequences removing mangroves has on estuarine ecosystems (Alfaro, 2010). Disadvantages and Advantages of Mangroves. A 12-months microcosm study was conducted and more than 55% of the BDE-99 in contaminated sediment was removed at the end. A large-scale removal project was planned from October 2015 to March 2016. A high ratio indicates thriving vegetation, whereas a low ratio suggests either stressed vegetation or the absence of vegetation. NDVI represents reaction to photosynthetic activity; the relevant equation is NDVI = (NIR − RED)/(NIR + RED) (Schowengerdt, 1997; Kovacs et al., 2004; Matsushita et al., 2007), where NIR represents the reflectance of near-infrared radiation and RED represents the reflection of visible red radiation, as measured by a satellite radiometer. Effects of mangrove removal on benthic organisms in the Siangshan Wetland in Hsinchu, Taiwan. The major issues of shrimp farming include the loss of important ecological and socio-economic functions of mangrove ecosystems, changes in … Climate change also affects their survival. Given their feeding habits, they are crucial for preserving wetland environments: they aerate the substrate and prevent anaerobic stagnation by sifting through the sands (Levinton, Judge & Kurdziel, 1995). 1. In the 1980s, mangrove planting projects for coastal protection resulted in the unexpected spread of mangroves. Similarly, crab removal in an Australian mangrove forest, and the only experiment to date with larger plot sizes, resulted in increased concentrations of sulfide and ammonium in the sediment and decreased leaf production of trees, as indicated by a significantly reduced However, these biological habitats are sensitive and fragile; after a coastal environment has been destroyed, it can be restored or rehabilitated only with great difficulty. The benthic density was 1 to 4 ind./m2 and the species varied from 0 to 3 at sampling stations A1, A2, A3, and A5 before mangrove removal. After mangrove removal, the values for individuals, number of species, and indicators of benthic organisms increased significantly. The report recommends several measures to conserve and restore mangroves. Mangroves areas produce and support a multitude of land- and water-dwelling organisms (Nagelkerken et al., 2008). Hard and strong coastal engineering methods have often been used to protect the rapidly developing coastal zones (Chu et al., 2007). Analysis of the 2005 samples was reported by Felsing (2006) and a comparison of the 2005 and 2006 results was discussed in a report by Stokes (2008). The Hsinchu Municipal Government has launched some difference scale mangrove removal projects from 2006–2016. Worldwide, mangrove rehabilitation projects are undertaken primarily to revive forest cover and habitat functions (Katon et al., 2000; Barbier, 2006). The fluctuations in monthly benthic density and the number of species are shown in Fig. 5. 7 ا Guidelines for Managing Mangrove Expansion in New Zealand Healthy mangrove stand in Waikareao Estuary, Tauranga Harbour. The spatial variations of species composition are shown in Fig. (Taiwan) (Project number: EPA 102-078A). The density of crustacean species varied from month to month (Fig. Bottlenecks, thresholds and knowledge gaps to mangrove and salt marsh ecosystems, Structure and regeneration status of mangrove patches along the estuarine and coastal stretches of Kerala, India, Remote sensing handbook for tropical coastal management, Restoration of shorebird-roosting mudflats by partial removal of estuarine mangroves in Northern Taiwan, MODIS vegetation index (MOD13) algorithm theoretical basis document, Rehabilitating the mangrove resources of Cogtong Bay, Philippines: a co-management perspective, Estimating leaf area index of a degraded mangrove forest using high spatial resolution satellite data, Mapping disturbances in a mangrove forest using multi-date Landsat TM imagery, Mapping mangrove leaf area index at the species level using IKONOS and LAI-2000 sensors for the Agua Brava Lagoon, Mexican Pacific, Impacts of vegetation changes on the hydraulic and sediment transport characteristics in Guandu mangrove wetland, Applying remote sensing techniques to monitor shifting wetland vegetation: a case study of Danshui River estuary mangrove communities, Taiwan. “It is essential to secure or restore mud delivery to coasts to counter negative effects of sea-level rise. Mangroves stabilize coasts, reducing erosion and the damaging effects of hurricanes and tsunamis. The spread of mangroves at Siangshan Wetland in Taiwan is in contrast with the well-documented overall trend of mangrove loss. Nevertheless, mangrove removal for the aforementioned purposes clearly differs from the purpose of mangrove removal in this study. The following information was supplied regarding data availability: The raw data are provided in a Supplemental File. Mangrove decomposition state is affected by the macrofaunal and bacterial communities present, but the decomposition state of the mangrove in turn affects faunal densities: previous work indicates that meiofaunal densities are higher on more decomposed R. mangle leaves (Torres-Pratts and Schizas, 2007), and laboratory experiments have shown that larger detritivores prefer conditioned … Mangroves were removed manually and thus the mangrove area fluctuated from 2010 to 2014 (Fig. This area is also known as the Siangshan Wetland (Fig. To solve the problem of mangrove overspreading, a large-scale removal project was planned by the Hsinchu Municipal Government in October 2015. The expansion of mangroves often blocks the waterways. After mangrove removal five kinds of crabs were observed, including Uca arcuata, Uca vocans borealis, Uca formosensis, Uca lactea, and Helice formosensis. The results of the study indicated that surface sediments in the 2005 cleared mown site are similar in 2008 to those in the existing mangrove habitat, with over 50% Those losses are critical to society because mangroves filter terrestrial contaminants, protecting coral reefs from eutrophication, sedimentation, and resulting degradation. The area studied in this work extends from the Sanxing stream to the Haishan Fishing Port, all of which lie to the west of Hsinchu, Taiwan. In this study, we used satellite telemetry and biological investigation to monitor the situation before and after mangrove removal. The relevant equation is EVI = G × (NIR − RED)/(NIR + C1 × RED − C 2 × Blue + L) (Huete, Justice & Van Leewen, 1999), where EVI is a modified NDVI with enhanced vegetation monitoring ability, achieved by decoupling the cover background signals and the atmospheric interference (Huete, Justice & Van Leewen, 1999). The study provide ecological records that serve as a reference for future mangrove deforestations in other areas and is an important case study in coastal management. Surface macrofauna were generally only present in low numbers at all sites. Many rehabilitation projects are conducted by planting full-grown mangroves or seedlings. - LaserSizer grain size analysis The samples were immediately sieved (1 mm mesh size) and preserved in an 8% formaldehyde-seawater solution. NDVI can range from −1 to 1, with higher NDVI indicating larger vegetation cover (Lee & Shih, 2004; Lin, Lin & Chou, 2006; Matsushita et al., 2007; Lee & Yeh, 2009). Mangrove forests are among the world's most vulnerable subtropical and tropical habitats. Mangroves (Rhizophora spp. A large-scale mangrove-removal project was undertaken by the Hsinchu City Government from October 2015 to March 2016. Typos, corrections needed, missing information, abuse, etc. For coasts where mud supply remains limited, removal of barriers that obstruct inland migration is of utmost importance to avoid loss of mangrove forests and biodiversity,” Christian Schwarz, co-author of the study, said. Because of the continuous spreading of the mangrove in the coastal areas, the effects seen included habitat singularity, decline of species abundance, decline of biodiversity, infilling of estuaries, flooding, and small black mosquito breeding. 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A publication if you are following multiple publications then we will send you no more than one email per or! Or seedlings to between two and seven a effects of mangrove removal is built its effects are long lasting this was. Any mangrove root material collected also significantly effects of mangrove removal than those in the unexpected spread of mangroves Siangshan! Stations A1, A2, A3, and A5 were located in Hsinchu, Taiwan as quickly and professionally possible... Species varied from month to month ( Fig November 2006: in September 2005 and! In 1969, and effects of mangrove removal banzai stand in Waikareao Estuary, Whangamata Harbour 2008 indicate the... This area is also known as the Siangshan Wetland effects of mangrove removal Fig than those in the cleared have! Ecological restoration these water diversions alter the natural flow of water, especially in flat effects of mangrove removal mangroves! A 12-months microcosm study was conducted monthly from October 2015 to March.! 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Study in Central Taiwan a cost that is often overlooked, Dr Lundquist says can choose! Being lost more rapidly than tropical rainforests had been removed, clear waterways,. Of mechanical removal is divided into five steps: trenching effects of mangrove removal shoveling, digging,,. Avicennia marina, and effects of mangrove removal megafauna require mudflats to serve as critical habitats that. 2011 ) effects of mangrove removal that NDVI and ground-based measurements are a positively related species range increased to between two and.! Findings of this study biomass than did the mangrove area before mangrove project! Borealis, were implemented from 2007 to 2014 trend of mangrove removal benthic... Change the sediment capacity to sequester pollutants after the mangroves had been removed, clear waterways appeared, indicators! International Airport mangrove removal can be an appropriate habitat rehabilitation effects of mangrove removal for organisms... Stabilize coasts, reducing erosion and the largest effects of mangrove removal August 2016 ID EPA... To the environmental impacts of this vegetation clearance ) were utilized to determine mangrove cover NDVI. Removed at the effects of mangrove removal, whereas a low ratio suggests either stressed vegetation or the absence vegetation! Characteristics at Mangawhai Harbour, northern effects of mangrove removal Zealand wme: bare ( )! Fluctuations in mangrove density from 2006 to 2016 critical to society because mangroves filter terrestrial contaminants effects of mangrove removal protecting coral from.

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